Pregnancy

Yes. The Maternal Immunization Task Force, comprised of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and its national partners, all strongly recommend that pregnant people get a flu shot for the best protection—for them and their babies—against serious flu illness and flu-related complications.

The flu shot is safe during any trimester for both you and your baby. The flu shot has been safely given to millions of pregnant individuals over many years. You cannot get the flu—or give your baby the flu—from getting the flu vaccine.

Multiple studies have shown that people who have gotten flu shots during pregnancy HAVE NOT had a higher risk for miscarriage. One of the largest and strongest studies was conducted in CDC’s Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project. The study looked at three flu seasons to see if there was any increased risk for miscarriage among pregnant women who had received a flu vaccine during their pregnancy. The study found NO increased risk for miscarriage after flu vaccination during pregnancy

It is also safe for women to get the flu vaccine while breastfeeding. In fact, breastfeeding also helps to protect babies because breast milk passes your antibodies to your baby, and these antibodies help your baby fight off flu.

Following is a list of studies that show that the flu vaccine is safe during pregnancy. Click on the studies below to read the research.

• Review of reports to the Vaccine Adverse Reporting System (VAERS) (Moro et al, 2011, Moro et al, 2011 Moro et al, 2017) – A review of the reports to VAERS found no evidence to suggest a link between pregnancy complications or adverse fetal outcomes among pregnant women and flu shots.
• Case-Control Study of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Spontaneous Abortion in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, 2012–13, 2013–14, and 2014–15 – During the February 2019 meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the results of a recent study of flu vaccination of pregnant women were presented by James Donahue PhD, DVM, senior epidemiologist with the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute. The study, which specifically looked at flu vaccine and miscarriage, was a matched case-control study of women ages 18–44 in the 2012-’13, 2013-’14 and 2014-’15 flu seasons. The study’s findings showed no link between flu vaccine during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion within 28 days, and supports the safety of flu vaccine in early pregnancy.
• Adverse events in pregnant women following administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1990–2009 – American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, February 2011 – This article is a review of reports to the Vaccine Adverse Reporting System (VAERS), which found no unusual or unexpected patterns of reporting for pregnancy complications or adverse fetal outcomes among pregnant women and flu shots.
• Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion – Obstetrics & Gynecology, January 2013 – A study using Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) data found no increased risk of miscarriage among pregnant women who received flu vaccines in the 2005-06 or 2006-07 flu seasons.
• Inactivated Influenza Vaccine During Pregnancy and Risks for Adverse Obstetric Events – Obstetrics & Gynecology, September 2013 – A large study using VSD data found no increased risk for adverse obstetric events (like chorioamnionitis, pre-eclampsia, or gestational hypertension) for pregnant women who received the flu vaccine from 2002 to 2009 when compared to pregnant woman who were not vaccinated.
• Maternal Influenza Vaccine and Risks for Preterm or Small for Gestational Age Birth – Pediatrics, May 2014 – A study using VSD data compared pregnant women who received the flu shot with an equal number of pregnant women who did not receive the flu shot during the 2004-05 and 2008-09 flu seasons. The study found no differences between the two groups in the rates of premature delivery or small for gestational age infants.
• First Trimester Influenza Vaccination and Risks for Major Structural Birth Defects in Offspring – Pediatrics, August 2017 – A large study using VSD data found that the babies of women who received the flu shot during their first trimester had no increased risk of having children with major birth defects.

See our Current Flu Season web page for more.

Flu shots have been safely given to millions of pregnant people over many years.

The CDC monitors flu vaccine safety in pregnant women during each flu season using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)—a U.S. system that monitors health concerns following vaccination. In addition, vaccine safety research is done through the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). which is a collaboration between CDC and 11 healthcare organizations.

View the large number of vaccine safety studies on flu vaccination during pregnancy.

Yes. The Maternal Immunization Task Force, comprised of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and its national partners, all strongly recommend that pregnant people get a flu shot for the best protection—for them and their babies—against serious flu illness and flu-related complications.

See our Current Flu Season web page for more.

Yes. Tdap vaccinations during pregnancy have been studied for both safety and effectiveness. Medical and public health experts agree that the benefits of Tdap vaccination during pregnancy outweigh any potential risks to moms and babies. See the research that has been done to make sure the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy is safe and effective for women and their babies.

The Maternal Immunization Task Force, comprised of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and its national partners, all strongly recommend that women get a Tdap vaccination during the third trimester of every pregnancy to protect them and their babies against whooping cough.

No. The way that flu vaccines are made they cannot cause the flu. Flu shots are made from either flu viruses that have been ‘inactivated’ (killed) OR from proteins of a flu virus (instead of the full virus) so they can create an immune response without causing a flu infection.

While some people may get mild side effects from the flu shot like a sore arm, a headache, muscle aches or a low fever, those side effects usually begin soon after the shot and only last 1 -2 days.

Learn more about the current flu season and the flu vaccine.

Learn more about how vaccines work.

Getting a Tdap shot during every pregnancy, as opposed to before or after, allows your body to pass on some protective antibodies against whooping cough (immunity) to your baby. This is especially important since babies don’t start their own whooping cough vaccination series (DTaP) until they are 2 months old.

Getting vaccinated with Tdap during pregnancy also protects you during delivery and will make you less likely to pass whooping cough to your newborn.

A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases in January 2017 looked to see how effective the Tdap vaccine was at preventing whooping cough in babies whose mothers got the vaccine while pregnant or in the hospital after giving birth. The study found that getting Tdap between the 27th and 36th weeks of pregnancy is 85% more effective at preventing whooping cough in babies younger than 2 months old.

Additionally, authors of the study, Sources of Infant Pertussis Infection in the United States published in October 2015 in Pediatrics, state that vaccinating pregnant women with Tdap increases protection of their babies.

Yes. You can safely get the flu and the Tdap (whooping cough) vaccines at the same time.

ACOG states that it is critically important that pregnant women receive all recommended vaccines, and that COVID-19, influenza, Tdap, and RSV vaccines may be coadministered (given at the same visit).

Yes. Pregnant women can safely get the Tdap vaccine even if they recently got a tetanus-containing vaccine (Td or Tdap).

It does not matter when you got your last tetanus shot (Tdap or Td vaccine), you still need the Tdap vaccine during the 3rd trimester of each pregnancy to protect yourself and your newborn from whooping cough.

The protection (antibodies) that you pass on to your baby before birth is very important and will give them some early protection against flu and whooping cough. 

However, these antibodies will only give your baby short-term protection. That’s why it is also very important for your baby to get vaccinated according to the CDC’s recommended childhood immunization schedule, so he can start building his own protection against these dangerous diseases.

You may have heard that vaccines contain toxic ingredients that sound as though they don’t belong in a medical product. The truth is that a very small group of very vocal, but misinformed, individuals have made false claims regarding the safety of vaccines and their ingredients. In most instances, these claims are wrong. In other cases, the claims are taken out of context or intended to mislead people.

The main ingredients in vaccines are antigens, which are small amounts of the bacteria or virus against which the person is being vaccinated. Antigens are the parts of the vaccine that encourage your immune system to create antibodies to fight against future infections. To make sure that the vaccines cannot cause the disease you are trying to protect against, the antigens are altered or weakened. Learn more about how vaccines are made and how they work.

Like many of the foods we eat and beverages we drink, vaccines also contain a small amount of additional ingredients, and each has a specific, necessary function. These ingredients may be added to the vaccine to make it more effective, sterile, and/or safe. These additional ingredients have been studied and are safe for humans in the amount used in vaccines.

In fact, the amount of these additional ingredients in vaccines is much less than children encounter in their environment, food, and water. As the saying goes, “the dose makes the poison.” In other words, any chemical—even water or oxygen—can be toxic or even deadly in large enough quantities.

Sometimes a child may be sensitive to a component of a vaccine, and an allergic reaction may result. For this reason, you should discuss any allergies your child may have with their healthcare provider. Click here and see below to learn about the ingredients that may be found in certain vaccines and their purpose.

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Visit VYF’s Questions about Vaccines section for answers to your questions about vaccine safety, vaccine ingredients, vaccine schedules, COVID-19 vaccines and much more.

You can find more information on flu and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy here.

You can find more information on vaccines for babies and children here.